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Controller Battery
What are Solar Charge Controllers?
If a solar power system uses batteries, it will also require a solar charge controller. Solar charge controllers work to control the power moving from the solar panels to the batteries. A proper charge controller will prevent the batteries from being overcharged. Read solar power battery if you are interested in learning more about solar batteries.
Although there are several different kinds of charge controllers, the basic function they have in common is to stop the charging process once the voltage in a battery reaches a certain level. Early charge controllers did this by using a mechanical relay, which opened and closed the circuit.
More recent charge controllers make use of pulse width modulation (PWM). This is a process in which, as the battery gets closer to being fully charged, the amount of power being supplied to it gradually decreases. PWM is more efficient, as it charges the batteries more fully, in addition to reducing stress on them. It can also keep batteries in a completely charged state, or “floating,” indefinitely. PWM chargers are more complex, but they tend to be more durable, as they don’t have any breakable mechanical connections.
The latest advancement in solar charge controllers is maximum power point tracking, or MPPT. MPPT controllers have the ability to convert excess voltage into amperage. This makes a real difference in a couple of areas.
Although 12 volt batteries are the norm for solar power systems, systems using any voltage level can benefit from these features. Most solar panels produce more voltage than is needed by the batteries. When the extra voltage is turned into amps, the charge voltage stays at an optimal level, while the time needed to fully charge the batteries is reduced. A solar power system with this kind of charge controller will perform more efficiently.
MPPT charge controllers also make a difference in terms of power loss. All electricity in a home system moves from device to device along wires, and a certain amount of power is lost whenever this occurs. Higher voltage electricity suffers from less loss. A PWM charge controller in a system with 12v batteries, for example, would use electricity of about 18v. An MPPT controller will use the highest voltage of any type of charge controller currently available. For this reason, MPPT controllers see less loss.
In comparison to PWM controllers, MPPT charge controllers are somewhat more expensive, but their performance is significantly enhanced. They’re highly recommended for this reason. Modern solar charge controllers also have the ability to prevent reverse-current flow. During the periods when solar panels aren’t generating electricity, such as in overcast conditions, electricity can sometimes start to flow backwards from the batteries to the solar panels. This type of power loss can also have a detrimental effect the overall efficiency of a solar power system. A charge controller will open the circuit when power stops coming from the solar panels, preventing any reverse-current flow.
Many people know that solar chargers are a good alternative to non-renewable sources of energy, but not everyone has found out how simple they are to build. Go to 12 volt solar charger for more in solar interesting info about solar chargers.
Can you build a solar panel for under $200? You can get more info by reading this guide Homemade Energy Review. In this guide, you will get specific instructions on what is best to build based on the size of your house and your location. You will also get step-by-step diagrams on how to build your own solar power system.
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